Virtually every living cell evolves with (i) a self-replicating machinery, (ii) a matter and energy exchangeable system, and (iii) a microsphere barrier which is commonly known as biological membrane or biomembrane. In a cell, the self-replicating system duplicates the genetic materials and the membrane ensures the symmetrical distribution of those genetic materials so that each daughter cell receives the right share. On the other hand, the matter and energy exchangeable system warranty them for energy acquisition, growth and development, the membrane provides it by photosynthesis and respiration. In addition, the bio membrane controls how to sense the environment which allows the control movements of substances in and out. The whole process is multi-layered regulation and each layer is highly stringently regulated and controlled by bio-membrane. A biomembrane is an enclosing membrane that functions as a selective barrier within or around a cell. Biological membranes are composed of phospho-lipid bilayer where the hydrophilic phosphate group faces toward inside and the outside of the cell whereas; the two fatty acids tails are aligned end to end make a hydrophobic barrier (a sandwich zone) inhibits the passage of ions, and polar molecules however, gaseous molecules such as O2 , CO2 , etc., can sneaks in due to constant rotational motion of non-polar fatty acid tails (between C-C single bond). In addition, this lipid bilayer are plugged in with several proteins, carbohydrates and cholesterol (absent in bacterial membrane and plant do have a similar type of steroid) and their relative distribution varies from membrane types. For examples, the plasma membrane has 50% each whereas in mitochondrion it has 25% lipid and 75% protein. This unique protein embedded lipid bilayer is called fluid mosaic model. A variety of biomembranes can separate cell from external environment: apical, basolateral, presynaptic and postsynaptic ones, membranes of flagella, cilia, microvillus, filopodia and lamellipodia, the sarcolemma of muscle cells, as well as specialized myelin and dendritic spine membranes of neurons. These membranes can also form different types of “supramembrane” structures such as caveola, postsynaptic density, podosome, invadopodium, desmosome, hemidesmosome, focal adhesion, and cell junctions. These types of membranes differ in lipid and protein composition.

Journal of Membrane Sciences and Technology is a world-wide peer-reviewed open-access journal which systematically documents several of key developments and filtration  taking place in the field of Membrane Technology all across the world.

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