Mammals (from Latin mamma, 'breast') are a set of vertebrate animals constituting the magnificence Mammalia and characterized through the presence of mammary glands which in women produce milk for feeding (nursing) their young, a neocortex (a place of the brain), fur or hair, and 3 center ear bones. These traits distinguish them from reptiles and birds, from which they diverged withinside the Carboniferous, over three hundred million years in the past. Around 6, four hundred extant species of mammals had been described. The biggest orders are the rodents, bats, and Eulipotyphla (hedgehogs, moles, shrews, and others). The subsequent 3 are the Primates (which include humans, apes, monkeys, and others), the Artiodactyla (cetaceans and even-toed ungulates), and the Carnivora (cats, dogs, seals, and others).

At the cease of the Carboniferous duration around three hundred million years in the past, this institution diverged from the sauropsid line that caused modern-day reptiles and birds. The line following the stem institution Sphenacodontia cut up into numerous organizations of non-mammalian synapsids—on occasion incorrectly called mammal-like reptiles—earlier than giving upward thrust to Therapsida withinside the Early Permian duration. Mammals originated from cynodonts, a sophisticated institution of therapsids, for the duration of the Late Triassic. The contemporary-day mammalian orders arose withinside the Paleogene and Neogene intervals of the Cenozoic era, after the extinction of non-avian dinosaurs, and had been the dominant terrestrial animal institution from sixty-six million years in the past to the present.

The primary frame kind is quadruped, and maximum mammals use their 4 extremities for terrestrial locomotion; however in some, the extremities are tailored for existence at sea, withinside the air, in trees, underground, or on legs. Mammals variety in length from the 30–forty mm (1.2–1.6 in) bumblebee bat to the 30 m (ninety-eight ft) blue whale probably the biggest animal to have ever lived. Maximum lifespan varies from years for the shrew to 211 years for the bowhead whale. All contemporary-day mammals supply starts to stay young, besides the 5 species of monotremes, which might be egg-laying mammals. The maximum species-wealthy institution of mammals, the cohort known as placentals, has a placenta, which permits the feeding of the fetus for the duration of gestation.

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With Regards
Alex John
Journal of Animal Sciences and Livestock Production