Salt tolerance of different rice cultivars for their salt tolerance under salt-affected soils

Rice (Orzya sativa L.) is the most important staple food for more than half of the world’s population Average yield of rice in world is about 3500 kg ha-1 more than wheat (2310 kg ha-1) and corn 3200 kg ha-1 (Fageria et al., 1997). It is cultivated on an area of 1358 thousand hectares in Punjab with the production of 2081 thousand tones (NFDC, 2002). It earns the highest foreign exchange contribution about 20% of the total export of the country. But under extreme saline conditions growth and yield of both Basmati rice and coarse rice varieties is much lower as compared to be obtained from productive lands which may be due to cultivation of rice susceptible to salinity. Successful rice crop production with good grain quality on salt-affected soils demands the suitable variety selection particularly with better salt tolerance. Naturally salt-affected fields are extremely variable in their horizontal and vertical salt distribution. Moreover, under field conditions different stresses such as heat, cold, drought, nutrient imbalance, insects and pest attack, etc. affect plants to varying degrees in addition to salinity